(a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria. On the map show and name:
(i) the railway line from Lagos to Minna;
(ii) one area each of limestone; coal; columbite; gold.
(b) Describe the method of mining columbite in Nigeria.
(c) Highlight three adverse effects of mining in one of the mining areas in (a)(ii) above.
Explanation
(b) Methods of mining columbite in Nigeria
(i) open cast operation
(ii) Removal of overburden
(iii) Application of dynamites and explosives
(iv) Usage of mechanical shovels, pick axes
(v) Dragline collects into heaps
(vi) Usage of monitor to wash the ore
(vii) Usage of trucks to convey ore to factory for smelting
(viii) Conveyance by rail for export.
(c) Adverse effects of mining in the area of operation
(a) Environmental pollution
(b) Global warming
(c) Environmental degradation
(d) Development of ghost towns
(e) Destruction of ecosystem
(f) Displacement of settlements
(g) Loss of farm lands / grazing lands
(h) Communal conflicts
(i) Reduction in agricultural labour force
(j) Health hazards such as asthma, lung and heart disorders
(k) Mining hazards such as collapse of mines.