(a) State four differences between local craft and heavy manufacturing industries
(b) Outlines three factors that have influenced the location of an iron and steel industry in Tropical Africa
(c) In what three ways has industrialization contributed to the economy of Tropical African countries?
Explanation
(a)(i) Local craft industries produce on small scale (low output) while heavy manufacturing industries produce on large scale (mass production)
(ii) Local craft industries involve few people generally below ten people in the production process while heavy manufacturing industries involve many people
(iii) Simple tools which are normally not powered are used in local craft industries while heavy power-driven machines are used in heavy manufacturing industries
(iv) Local crafts are produced at home or in small workshops while heavy manufacturing industries take place in specially built factories
(v) Local craft industries require little investment whereas heavy manufacturing industries require a lot of capital
(vi) Local craft industries use mainly local raw materials while heavy manufacturing industries depend on both local and imported raw materials.
(vii) Local craft industries involve great skills and artistry but in heavy manufacturing industries, artistry is not necessary.
(b) Factors of location of an iron and steel industry in tropical Africa, e.g Ajaokuta, Kogi State, Nigeria
(i) Proximity to raw materials
(ii) Proximity to power
(iii) Supply of labour
(iv) Transport
(v) Market
(vi) Capital
(vi) Government policy
(vii) Availability of water
(c)(i) Raising of general standard of living
(ii) More foreign exchange from processed commodities
(iii) Transfer or technology
(iv) Development of infrastructure
(v) Provision of employment
(vi) Favourable balance of trade
(vii) Generation of revenue to the government through taxes and royalties
(viii) Expansion of local markets
(ix) Aiding industrial research.