(a)(i) Name two distinct types of soil erosion
(ii) Locate an area where each type is most common
(b) Outline any three factors that have been responsible for any one of the types of soil erosion named above
(c) Describe any three measures being taken to solve the problem of soil erosion in any one of the areas.
Explanation
(a)(i) Two types of soil erosion are;
(i) Water erosion and Wind erosion
(ii) The area where water erosion is most common is moist humid area of the tropic (i.e rainforest areas), while wind erosion is common in the arid and semi arid areas especially in the desert
(b) Three factors responsible for water erosion are
(i) Excessive rainfall
(ii) Impervious nature of underlying rock
(iii) Increase in declivity (slope). The greater the slope, the greater the velocity and degree of erosion.
(c) Three measures being taken to solve the problem of soil erosion in tropical area of the world are:
(i) Contour ploughing. This involves the making of ridges across the slope to reduce surface run off
(ii) Strip cropping: In slopy areas, strip cropping is done to also reduce the surface run off of the water
(iii) Proper channelisation. This involves the construction of gutters to channel away the large volume of water caused by erosion